Despite the comparisons, India’s Aadhaar project is nothing like America’s Social Security Number

The other pages are used for recording of voting participation, a page for driver’s license information (although it is no longer used since the introduction of plastic card type licenses), as well as pages for fire arms licenses (also plastic card type now). The card is required to apply for a passport, car learner’s license (over 17), motorcycle learner’s license (over 16), driving license (over 18), motorcycle license (over 16 or 18 depending on cc) and to vote (over 18). The Identity Card is not used for international travel purposes (a separate passport is issued) but usually is acceptable photographic identification for internal flights, and mainly serves as proof of identification. Some authorities may accept the driver’s license as proof of identity, but the Identity Card is the only universally accepted form of identification.

Anyone who has lived in India for 182 days can enroll in Aadhaar for proof of identity, while only citizens and those authorised to work in the US can obtain a Social Security Number. Within the European Economic Area and Switzerland, a card known as the European Health Insurance Card is issued to any resident who so wishes, proving the right of health care anywhere in the area. This card lists a code called “Identification Number”, which in some cases may be the national identification number of the residence country, for Germany the health insurance number. Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana is a maternity benefit programme run by the government of India for low-income households. It was introduced in 2017 and is implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Data Collection

Since 2012, the government rolled out the e-KTP (Elektronik Kartu Tanda Penduduk, “Electronic Citizen ID Card”) which is an RFID card containing encrypted information of a citizen’s electronic signature, scans of a citizen’s irises and ten fingerprints, and a high-resolution photograph. Under article 24, paragraph 2c[47] of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which India is a party,[48] India has committed to yielding “adequate nutritious food” for children. The Midday Meal Scheme is covered by the National Food Security Act, 2013.

SSNs and Identity Theft

The tenth digit (C) is created using the Luhn, or “mod 10”, checksum algorithm. Thus, for instance, students who attend college or university will have their number (or other personal data) collected at registration – this will then be sent to Department of Social Protection to ensure that a student is not simultaneously claiming social welfare. Banks may collect the number for the administration of accounts that give interest or tax reliefs which the state funds, through the Revenue Commissioners. For that reason, although it is put on the identity card by default, with the old ID cards a citizen could request that this would not be done. With the newer Digital ID cards that Belgium is rolling out, this is no longer possible, since the National Number is used as the serial number for the private cryptography keys on the card. Personal number is used for identification in all government and many commercial institutions.

Legal Framework for Protection Against Violation

The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 directs establishments with 10 or more employees to provide the payment of 15 days of additional wages for each year of service to employees who have worked at a company for five years or more. The 1961 Act states that in the event of miscarriage or medical termination of pregnancy, the employee is entitled to six weeks of paid maternity leave. Employees are also entitled to an additional month of paid leave in case of complications arising due to pregnancy, delivery, premature birth, miscarriage, medical termination, or a tubectomy operation (two weeks in this case). In other provisions, the law mandates that every establishment with more than 50 employees must provide crèche or day care facilities within easy distance which the mother can visit up to four times a day.

In recent years too, the Social Security Administration has restrained from collecting biometrics of residents. In 2007, when the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act asked the SSA to improve the security of Social Security Number cards, the SSA considered adding the holder’s photograph or biometrics to the card but eventually decided against it. Aadhaar authenticates a person by matching his or her demographics or biometrics with the records in its database. The government says this will help prevent identity fraud – for example, no one will be able to collect wages or food subsidies in another person’s name. This number is connected to their fingerprint and iris scans that are stored in a centralised database. As of September 2016, this database held the demographic and biometric information of more than 105 crore people – more than 80% of India’s population, and three times the population of the United States.

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This card includes the civil identification, the tax identification, the Social Security and the Healthcare user numbers, replacing the old corresponding identification cards. Besides this, the Citizen Card also replaced the previous Voter’s Card, although not including the voter’s number. The replacing of the previous separate identification documents by the single Citizen Card is a gradual process, only being mandatory for a citizen, when one of his/her old documents expires. In Germany, there is no national identification number in the full meaning of the term.

This fund is managed by the ESI Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated there in the ESI Act 1948, which oversees the provision of healthcare and cash benefits to the employees and their family. ESIC is a Statutory and an Autonomous Body under the Ministry of Labour and Employment. An SSN is used to track an individual’s yearly earnings and the number of years they’ve worked.

The structure of such number is GYYMMDDXXXC, whereas G is the gender (but also indicates century of birth, and, in some cases, citizenship), YYMMDD is the birth date year, month, day, XXX is the serial number, and C is a checksum digit. For some time, the West German government intended to create a 12-digit personal identification number (Personenkennzeichen, PKZ) for all citizens, registered alien residents on its territory, and all non-resident Nazi victims entitled to compensation payments. The Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, under the Ministry of Labor and Employment, ensures superannuation pension and family pension in case of death during service. Presently, only about 35 million out of a labor force of 400 million have access to formal social security in the form of old-age income protection in India.

Out of these 35 million, 26 million workers are members of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, which comprises private sector workers, civil servants, military personnel, and employees of State Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). In the Netherlands, all people receive a Burgerservicenummer (BSN) (Citizen Service Number) when they are born or when first taking up residence. It is printed on driving licenses, passports and international ID cards, under the header Personal Number. Before 2007, the BSN was known as sofinummer (the acronym sofi stands for so-ciaal (social) fi-scaal (fiscal) ). However, initially it was issued by regionally operating branches of the tax department which were all assigned ranges; in densely populated areas the assigned ranges would overflow thus causing duplicate numbers. This mistake was corrected during the transition from SOFI to BSN by issuing a new number to people having a duplicate one.

The last digit also indicates the gender of the applicant; an even number indicates a female and an odd number indicates a male. In South Africa every citizen must apply for an Identity Card from the age of 16 years. The ID number is already allocated at the time the birth certificate is generated and required for child passport applications. This passport-size document contains only 8 pages – the first page containing the what is ssn number in india national identification number (also in barcoded format), name of bearer, district or country of birth, as well as a photograph of the bearer.

Keep in mind, however, that the government-controlled social security system in India applies to only a small portion of the population. Before randomization, the first three digits, the area numbers, were assigned by geographical region. Before 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country, and the area number represented the office that issued the card. This did not have to be in the area where the applicant lived, because one could apply for a card in any Social Security office. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the area number was assigned according to the ZIP Code of the mailing address on the application for the original Social Security card. The applicant’s mailing address did not have to be the same as their place of residence, so the area number did not necessarily represent the applicant’s state of residence, regardless of whether the card was issued before or after 1973.

1. Digits seven to nine (NNG) are used to make the number unique, where digit nine (G) is odd for men and even for women.
2. For all employees earning ₹21,000 (US$250) or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 3.25% and the employee contributes 0.75%, total share 4%.
3. As of January 2017, over 111 crore Indians have an Aadhaar number, the government had announced.
4. For citizens first few digits apparently represent place of birth, but format is not public.

In addition, workers employed in certain types of occupations are exposed to the risk of contracting certain diseases, which are peculiar and inherent to those occupations. A worker contracting an occupational disease is deemed to have suffered an accident out of and in the course of employment, and the employer is liable to pay compensation for the same. Injuries resulting in permanent total and partial disablement are listed in parts I and II of Schedule I of the Employee’s Compensation Act, while occupational diseases have been defined in parts A, B, and C of Schedule III of the Employee’s Compensation Act.

A few states such as Colorado, Arizona and California have passed laws that restrict the disclosure and use of the Social Security Number by private actors. The Authority retains the authentication data for six months, and archives it for five years. It also requires the requesting entities – both public agencies and private companies – to maintain the logs, including the Aadhaar number, for two years, and then archive it for five years, and even longer in case of a court order. In response to growing concerns over the accumulation of massive amounts of personal information, the US government passed the Privacy Act of 1974. The law was passed in recognition of the dangers of the widespread use of Social Security Numbers as universal identifiers.